Do Biodegradable Items Degrade in Landfills

Organic materials â€Å"biodegrade† when they are broken down by other living organisms (such as fungi, bacteria, or other microbes) into their constituent parts, which are in turn recycled by nature as the building blocks for new life. The process can occur aerobically (with the aid of oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). Substances break down much faster under aerobic conditions, as oxygen helps break the molecules apart, a process called oxidation. Landfills Are Too Overcrowded for Trash to Biodegrade Most landfills are fundamentally anaerobic because they are compacted so tightly, and thus do not let much air in. As such, any biodegradation that does take place does so very slowly. â€Å"Typically in landfills, there’s not much dirt, very little oxygen, and few if any microorganisms,† says green consumer advocate and author Debra Lynn Dadd. She cites a landfill study conducted by University of Arizona researchers that uncovered still-recognizable 25-year-old hot dogs, corncobs, and grapes in landfills, as well as 50-year-old newspapers that were still readable. Processing May Inhibit Biodegradation Biodegradable items also may not break down in  landfills if the industrial processing they went through prior to their useful days converted them into forms unrecognizable by the microbes and enzymes that facilitate biodegradation. A typical example is petroleum, which biodegrades easily and quickly in its original form: crude oil. But when petroleum is processed into plastic, it is no longer biodegradable, and as such can clog up landfills indefinitely. Some manufacturers make claims that their products are photodegradable, which means that they will biodegrade when exposed to sunlight. A popular example is the plastic â€Å"polybag† in which many magazines now arrive protected in the mail. But the likelihood that such items will be exposed to sunlight while buried dozens of feet deep in a landfill is little to none. And if they do photodegrade at all, it is only likely to be into smaller pieces of plastic, contributing to the growing microplastics problem and adding to the immense amount of plastic in our oceans. Landfill Design and Technology May Enhance Biodegradation Some landfills are now being designed to promote biodegradation through the injection of water, oxygen, and even microbes. But these kinds of facilities are costly to create and, as a result, have not caught on. Another recent development involves landfills that have separate sections for compostable materials, such as food scraps and yard waste. Some analysts believe that as much as 65% of the waste currently sent to landfills in North America consists of such â€Å"biomass† that biodegrades rapidly and could generate a new income stream for landfills: marketable soil. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Is Best Solution for Landfills But getting people to sort their trash accordingly is another matter entirely. Indeed, paying heed to the importance of the environmental movement’s â€Å"three Rs† (reduce, reuse, recycle) is likely the best approach to solving the problems caused by our ever-growing piles of trash. With landfills around the world reaching capacity, technological fixes are not likely to make our waste disposal problems go away. EarthTalk is a regular feature of E/The Environmental Magazine. Selected EarthTalk columns are reprinted on About Environmental Issues by permission of the editors of E.

When Good Corporate Social Responsibility Is Good Business

When Good Corporate Social Responsibility Is Good Business Andrew DeGirolamo Bridgewater State University Author Note This paper was prepared for COMM 353-W01 Corporate Communication and Social Responsibility taught by Professor Amantea during the Spring Semester of 2017. When Good Corporate Social Responsibility Is Good Business Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can play a major role in a company’s financial situation. When a company invests in CSR, it can either bring additional costs to the company and hurt it financially or it can help the company and greatly improve its revenue. However, when studying this relationship between CSR and revenue, it is not a relationship that is easily analyzed. For†¦show more content†¦When utilized correctly, CSR is an investment with risk, but one worth taking. Calculating Corporate Social Performance Whether CSR costs a company money or earns them money can be a challenging topic to argue. There are many factors that are considered when assessing a company’s long term financial performance and its relationship between the company’s CSR and their revenue. These factors include a company’s CSP (Corporate Social Performance, or the measure of CSR), size, risk taken, economic scaling, and competition. However, there are several add itional variables that are commonly forgotten and must be considered when calculating the effect a company’s CSR has on their financial situation. RD for example has a major impact on a company’s long term economic performance, as it leads to improved knowledge and increased ingenuity on the company’s operations and products. Positive returns on RD investments can lead to increased shareholder returns and increased profits. Industry advertising intensity is also a variable that is often omitted, but must be included in this calculation. This accounts for any industry entry barriers. 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The shareholderRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Business Communication And Technology835 Words   |  4 Pages Corporate Social Responsibility Business Communication and Technology Due Date: 29th August Teacher: RYANCL Form: 11O â€Æ' Table of Contents Corporate Social Responsibility 2 Introduction 2 Legal Requirements 2 Drawbacks/Disadvantages 2 Industry Example – Carnival Australia 3 Conclusion 4 Recommendations 4 Reference List 5 Appendix 1 6 Appendix 2 7 â€Æ' Corporate Social Responsibility Introduction What is Corporate Social Responsibility? The responsibilities a business has to the environment, societyRead MoreEssay on managerial ehics1410 Words   |  6 PagesComplete Discussion Questions 3, 4, and 5 on page 27 of Business and Society. 3. Identify and explain the major factors in the social environment that create an atmosphere in which business criticism takes place and prospers. How are the factors related to one another? 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Amita Bajwa, Paulette Brown, Eric Burke, Sheron Curtis-Stokes, Raychale Dukeman, Jon Reed Kennesaw State University – Ruby C68 May 21, 2017 Socially responsible marketing is a marketing philosophy where a business considers what is in the best interest of society in the present and long term (DeWitt Dahlin, 2009). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is not new to business or society atRead MoreThe Concept Of Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesConcept of Corporate Social Responsibility According to Pearce Robinson (2014), corporate social responsibility (CSR) is â€Å"the idea that business has a duty to serve society in general as well as the financial interests of stockholders.†(P.56) The concept of corporate social responsibility of the business operation must comply with sustainable development idea; the company should not only consider its own financial and operating conditions, but also think of its impacts on the social and environment

Montessori Method Free Essays

Discipline Traditionally it is felt that if we want to have disciplined children then we must exert some kind of control over them so that in the end they bow to our superior strength and adopt our way of acting. We do not expect self – discipline to arise spontaneously in children – we tend to think it is something that we need to impose on a child. Of course if we set limits for desired behaviour and we make sure the child stays rigidly within these limits then what we will see superficially is a child that ‘does as he is told. We will write a custom essay sample on Montessori Method or any similar topic only for you Order Now But this is not self – discipline – this is the kind of discipline that disappears as soon as the adult exerting their will disappears. Maria Montessori hoped for so much more than this. . Montessori said that if we want to help children develop into self disciplined adults then we need to provide the kind of environment that will help the child to create a strong will – when self control is born within the child and is not imposed externally it is a lasting discipline that will stay with him through his life. ook at the traditional view of discipline and contrast it with the way in which self – discipline is developed according to the principles of Maria Montessori. It will be of interest to all who would like to understand more about the apparent Montessori contradiction that self – discipline can be nurtured by granting the child freedom. As Maria Montessori says: One of the greatest difficulties in securing discipline lies in the fact that it cannot be obtained simply with words†¦ Discipline is therefore attained indirectly, that is, by developing activity in spontaneous work. Everyone must learn how to control himself and how to engage in calm and silent activity, for no other purpose than that of keeping alive that inner flame on which life depends. † How to cite Montessori Method, Papers Montessori Method Free Essays The Montessori Method is a teaching or rather an educational method that was originally conceptualized by Maria Montessori. It involves the education of a child with the view that education should be centered on the self. Education in the Montessori Method involves a flexible teaching style that allows the child to learn at his or her own pace and level. We will write a custom essay sample on Montessori Method or any similar topic only for you Order Now This means that the child is in charge of the direction of his or her education and the teacher acts as a natural observer and guide to the development. Montessori classrooms are comfortable and welcoming. They engender an atmosphere of warmth and readiness to learn. The students in a Montessori classroom are not only subjects to an educational method that is unorthodox but are also the members of a culture that is hard to understand for outsiders who haven’t experienced the same educational method. One of the most essential factors of Montessorian education is the culture it fosters and also the numerous personal, social, and behavioral rituals form the body of this culture. (Cossentino, 2005) Although all schools are ritualistic in nature, as evidenced by curricula and the like, the rituals in Montessori schools are stressed because of the severity of the levels of their rituals. Rituals such as a student placing a hand on the teacher’s shoulder to gain attention are examples of how such acts in Montessori schools go beyond just rituals of behavior but rather rituals involving training of a specific culture, in this case a culture that involves patience and actively seeking out help. (Cossentino, 2005) The main thrust of the Montessori method involves the individual assessment of what aspects of education the child is having problems with. This will be derived from an observation of the child. After assessing the areas the child has difficulty with, the teacher will then guide him or her through a lesson slowly and with much patience. Teaching is individualized. But teaching is simultaneous in a classroom. A teacher might, for example, guide a student through a difficulty and then have him or her continue practicing on his or her own at which point the teacher will move on to another student. It should be noted here that a teacher is simply a guide in the Montessori method. The teacher guides through the environment and through an interaction that is unnatural to traditional educational methods. Students learn through interacting with the environment the teacher prepared and sometimes through direct questioning of the teacher. (Cossentino, 2005) The Montessori method, although unorthodox, is effective in aiding the child in his or her development. There is a need for non-Montessorians to understand that there are many lessons to be learned from the methods of a Montessori classroom. Teaching expertise in any educational form must take into consideration the culture it exists in. (Cossentino, 2005) There should be a conscious effort to acknowledge the importance of ritualizing interactions. It is with the use of these rituals that teachers may be able to more effectively teach and guide students. Rituals can serve more than just the purpose of delineating acceptable behavior but can also be used as a means of teaching principles and values that go beyond the lessons at hand. Analyzing the Montessori method, one understands the importance of understanding the reasons behind the lessons being taught. When one is able to identify the goal of the lesson, new avenues of teaching can be explored and more culturally-appropriate methods can be applied, methods that are more easily applicable to the individual students culture and life. Teaching is not just about giving a lesson. It is not just about speaking in front of a classroom and delivering a set of information. Teaching has goals and reasons. As such, Cossentino (2005) emphasizes the need to monitor teaching practices closely and to enhance these to better serve the purposes of education. Reference Cossentino, J. (2005). Ritualizing expertise: a non-Montessorian view of the Montessori method. How to cite Montessori Method, Essay examples Montessori Method Free Essays What does this term â€Å"Normalization† mean? Normalization is a term that causes a great deal of confusion and some concern among many new Montessori Parents. Normalization is indeed not the best choice of words! It suggests that we are going to help children who are not normal to become â€Å"normal. † This is definitely not what Maria Montessori meant. We will write a custom essay sample on Montessori Method or any similar topic only for you Order Now Normalization is Montessori’s name for the process that takes place in Montessori classrooms around the world, through which young children learn to focus their intelligence, concentrate their energies for long periods, and take tremendous satisfaction from their work. In his book, Maria Montessori: Her Life and Work, E. M. Standing described the following characteristics of normalization in the child between the age of three and six: †¢ A love of order †¢ A love of work †¢ Profound spontaneous concentration †¢ Attachment to reality †¢ Love of silence and of working alone †¢ Sublimation of the possessive instinct †¢ Obedience †¢ Independence and initiative †¢ Spontaneous self-discipline †¢ Joy †¢ The power to act from real choice and not just from idle curiosity Kay Futrell in her classic little book, The Normalized Child, describes Dr. Montessori’s amazement when the 60 frightened and ill-disciplined inner-city children of her first Children’s House began to respond to the new environment. â€Å"What followed seemed incredible even to Dr. Montessori, for the deprived children blossomed under this freedom, and the possibility of doing work suited to their needs. They revealed to her not only their enormous capacity for intellectual accomplishment, but a strange character of sweetness and serenity. They displayed a truly uncorrupted spirit, scorning rewards and punishment, and finding their joy in the prodigious work which involved them. They came from these labours refreshed, as from a creative experience, and as they worked, they grew in inner discipline and peace. The sight of these children, who displayed the truly â€Å"normal† characteristics of childhood, was the force which motivated Maria Montessori for the remainder of her life. This secret of childhood she pursued with great vitality, and from her tireless observations and efforts, evolved her perception of the child’s psychic personality. As she travelled from country to country, lecturing, training teachers, helping to establish school after school, this same phenomenon was observed wherever conditions promoting its growth were perfectly realized. This normalized child is the image which Montessori teachers keep uppermost in their minds. This is what we are striving for, what we hope to achieve. However, this child will only appear if we conscientiously prepare ourselves and our classrooms and if we can build on the proper preparation in the child’s home. Normalization is another word for what we call Montessori’s JOYFUL Scholars! What Outcomes Can We Look for If We Give Our Child a Montessori Education? Here are eight primary aspects we normally find in children who have grown up with a Montessori education: †¢ Academic Preparation: Montessori prepares students both for higher education and for life. On an academic level, Montessori helps students attain skills that allow them to become independently functioning adults and life-long learners. †¢ Intrinsic Motivation: Innate desire drives Montessori children to engage in activities for enjoyment and satisfaction. †¢ Internalized Ground Rules and the Ability to Work with External Authority: Montessori students are normally comfortable with ground rules that set the boundaries for their interactions within the school community. Because these ground rules become internalized, Montessori students normally learn to behave appropriately whether or not teachers are present. †¢ Social Responsibility: Montessori children tend to be quite sensitive to the rights and needs of others. They tend to make a positive contribution to their community. †¢ Autonomy: Montessori students tend to become self-directed, composed and morally independent. †¢ Confidence and Competence: Montessori students tend to become confident, competent, self-reflective, and, thereby, successful. They are generally not afraid of failure and learn from mistakes. †¢ Creativity and Originality of Thought: Montessori students normally become confident in expressing their own ideas and creativity. They recognize the value of their own work, respect the creative process of others and are willing to share their ideas regardless of the risk of rejection. Montessori students tend to take great satisfaction in self-expression. †¢ Spiritual Awareness: Montessori students are often exceptionally compassionate, empathetic, and sensitive to the natural world and the human condition. How to cite Montessori Method, Papers

Global Destination Competitive In Singaporeâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain on Global Destination Competitive? Answer: Introduction It has been identified that Singapore remains as a great destination of choice for global investors as well as international travellers. The country is widely acknowledged due to its effective as well as competitive business environment. The government of the nation has positioned the investment between the two rapidly growing economies of China and India as well as the promising economy of Asia (Lee, 2012). The nation is a critical path with the strategic capability as well as access to fulfil the demands of global business. The existing of several leading global organizations as well as the local firms remains as the testimony of Singapores excellence in manufacturing and services. A significant bridge between the EAST and the WEST for decades enables Singapore to embrace tradition as well as modernity (Eeckels, Filis Leon, 2012). Over the decades, the nation has witnessed a tremendous transformation in Singapores tourism environment and it has achieved an increasing growth in tour ism. Now, the major policy of the country is to work effectively with the global investors to enhance the new top-class attraction and attract the strategic leisure business evens to Singapore. The major focus of the report is on the evolution of Singapores tourism sector and countrys future initiatives to maintain this sustainable growth. The report focuses on how the government of the country is dealing with the foreign investors to increase the growth of the tourism sector as one of their major revenue source. The major objective of the paper is to evaluate the current FDI policies applied in the tourism sector of Singapore to increase the economic growth of the country. The outcome of the paper revolves around the fact that FDI policies in respect with the tourism sector of Singapore effectively contributes to the growth of sector as well as Singapores economy. In order to understand the effectiveness of FDI policies in tourism sector, a critical analysis has been conducted with the outcomes found the existing literature. Literature Review Fereidouni and Al-mulali (2014) depicts that Foreign Direct Investment signifies the investment made by an organizational or an individual body either for acquiring business assets and establishing business operations. In Singapore, marketers invests for acquiring establishing their business especially in tourism sector and this is the reason that FDI in Singapore have enhanced by 24859.90 SGD Million by the year 2016 (Tradingeconomics.com, 2017). Mode for making foreign investment Swee-Hock and Wong (2014) portrays that the size of the market and likeliness of the future wealth of consumers together drives the economic growth rates of a nation. Moreover, after accessing the entry to a foreign market, it is the lability of the marketers to choose the best mode of entry. Some of the best modes are franchising, turnkey projects, licensing, exporting and most importantlyestablishing new wholly owned subsidiaries and formulating a joint venture for sharing profits with the local bodies. Swee-Hock and Wong (2014) Moreover, highlight that Singapore has a very rich culture and have many places to visit. Thus, foreign companies prefer to invest in formulating a joint venture or to own a subsidiary. Political and Economic system of Singapore Singapore has an open economy and the Singapore Government adopts a free enterprises or open door policyso that foreign investors can get more attracted towards the industry like tourism, telecommunication andfinance sector (Fereidouni Al-mulali, 2014). United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands and Japan are among the top sources of FDI in Singapore (Singstat.gov.sg., 2017). However, investors intends to invest more in the tourism sector as identifying the tourism desire of a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural society like Singapore is easy compared to any other businesses (Spring.gov.sg, 2017). Thus, Singapore being a country, where there are 75% are ethnic Chinese, 7% ethnic Indians and 17% ethnic Malays, it is beneficial for the foreign investors for establishing their travel enterprises (ACRA, 2017). In this way, people from the home country also desire to visit the tourist location in the host country. FDI Policy in Singapore All business must registered under Accounting Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) Singapores Economic Development Board (EDB) facilitate foreign investment in Singapore A non-resident entity can invest in Singapore under the Government route. OCBs have been derecognized as a class of investors in Singapore. There is no capital on the aggregate investment by foreign investors Direct registration of foreign mutual funds is allowed Foreign Law Firms are also allowed for Qualifying Foreign Law Practice (QFLP) licenses Advantage of FDI policies in Singapore According to the Singapore FDI policy, tourism and hospitality sector gets the advantage of lower risk of obtaining licensing and franchising, fast establish and operation for obtaining a joint venture. Moreover, there is a lower risk of shared cost, benefit from local partner and political considerations for establishing joint ventures (ACRA, 2017). Swee-Hockn and Wong (2014) on the other hand denotes that FDI policy in Singapore also provides tight overall control and 100% share of profits in formulating wholly owned subsidiary. Disadvantage of FDI policies in Singapore There is less risk but still risk of losing expertise is present in FDI policy of Singapore. Moreover, maintaining quality control and tight control of partnership is one of the major disadvantages that are occurred due to culture difference (Edb.gov.sg, 2017). Lastly, conflicts, battles and loss control of technology in conducting business are some more disadvantage of Foreign Direct Investment. Methodology The effectiveness of the analysis depends on the methodology and resources used in the paper. The methodology determines the outcome of the research; thus, it is necessary to implement the appropriate research procedures to receive the desired outcome. Thus, to conduct, the critical analysis, existing journals on FDI policies in tourism sector of Singapore has been reviewed. Different opinions and views regarding the FDI policies have been evaluated in the papers. Likewise, theories and models such as Steward Island country theory have been discussed to build the argument. The critical discussion in the literature review focuses on different elements of DC model to analyze the current conditions of Singapores tourism sector. Similarly, to analyze the competitiveness of the tourism sector, different theories and models related to competitiveness have been discussed in the above-mentioned analysis. The models help to analyze how a business environment with developing economy can be suc cessful in the global competition. In addition, it is also analyzed how global economy is affecting the countrys business. Moreover, the critical discussion also represents the forces associated with the foreign direct investment that could attract or disappoint the foreign investors. In order to make the analysis of the topic, different opinions and views of authors have been discussed the key ideas regarding the tourism an FDI policies mentioned by the scholars in the previous studies have been linked with the ideas found in the current research. To analyze the situation regarding Singapores tourism sector, the past record such as growth, challenges, threats and economy have been compared and contrasted with the present record. Based on the comparison, appropriate assessment has been developed in the paper. In addition to this, while comparing the ideas, the statements of many scholars and critics have been linked to increase the effectiveness of the discussion. Thus, to make this comparison, many blogs, critics reviews, annual reports of tourism sector, newsletters, journals and other secondary sources have been used in the paper. Most importantly, all data has been collected from the reliable sources like Academy of journal, Journal of Management and other equ ivalent sources. To build an appropriate discussion on the topic, the outcomes of previous research papers have been linked with the key objectives of the paper. The literature review has been conducted based on the objectives formed in the introductory sector of the report. The facts included in the discussion are derived from the outcome of the content analysis. Content analysis- Policy review- Even though, Singapore observes a significant growth in the tourism sector, the industry faces some severe challenges that exist in the market. The consumers are becoming more technically-savvy as well as consequently more demanding. As out forward by Horng et al., (2012), disruption is becoming the millennial norm and yet there is an increasing grey segment, which could result in a dichotomy of worlds as well as the explosion of growth. On the other side, the destinations in the region and across the globe are developing their strategies with the focus of tourism attraction as well as increased marketing investment. Thus, while dealing with these highly competitive forces, the nation Singapore faces the resource constraints at the same fighting with the misperception issues. Thus, there is a significant need for Destination Singapore to support the market efforts to figure out Singapores ambitions in improving the tourism sector. On the contrary, Ringer (2013) mention ed that Singapore Tourism sector possesses enhanced capabilities in the design, development as well as the production of advanced products. In addition to this, it has also been observed that by leveraging on its strength as the hub for services like logistics and education, the nation is expected to become Asias one of the leading service hubs, which provide the world-class and advanced services. Competitive advantage- The standard living of the nation is determined by the productivity, with which it utilizes its people, capital as well as the natural resources. The tourism sector of Singapore competes on the most productive environment for the business. The productivity of tourism sector increases as both visitors as well as tourism receipts increased and it is forecasted to reach a historical increase in 2017. While the arrivals of visitors increased by 7.8% to 17.8 million, the tourism receipts has increased by 13.9% to $23.8 billion (Tan, Wang Sia, 2013). Thus, the strong tourism receipts came on visitors spending;especially on food, beverage, accommodation and shopping. The CEO of Singapore Tourism Board has mentioned that the sector is heartened by increased performance in the last year. In spite of the significant challenges like poor economic performance in nations highly developed markets as well as Zika virus outbreak, the country has managed to attract the high qua lity visitors to increase the economic growth. In addition to this, competitive advantage in the tourism sector also comes from the highly developed airline services. Discussion The above-mentioned analysis helps to discuss that the tourism sector in Singapore has some significant business opportunities. The implementation of those opportunities could contribute to the economic growth of the country. The most significant fact that found in the analysis is the governmental support towards the sustainability of the tourism sector. Furthermore, the critical analysis also helps to learn that the industry is supported by the increased productivity and arrivals of foreign visitors in the countrys attractive destinations. Moreover, the stakeholders of the industry have the ability to tap on the technology to enhance their productivity and increase the business to business to collaboration (Christie et al., 2013). On the business tourism, the sector is supported by 410 business events that held in the last year. It is observed that generated around 343,000 visitor arrivals, which generated around $11 million in tourism receipts (Teo Chang, 2012). This further increa ses 28% increases year on year respectively. In spite of the potential challenge, the tourism sector in Singapore has achieved a tremendous growth. In addition, it can also be mentioned that the growth of the tourism sector is influenced by the FDI policies. Conclusion On the completion of the report, it can be mentioned that tourism sector in Singapore is at the crossroads. The unparalleled growth of the past few years enables the industry to make the strategies for the sustainability of the sector. The companies in the sector competing in the interesting phase, as the internal as well as external constraints could pose real and urgent concerns for the developed future of Singapore tourism sector. References ACRA.(2017). Acra.gov.sg. Retrieved 7 May 2017, from https://www.acra.gov.sg/home/ Chen, H. J., Chen, P. J., Okumus, F. (2013).The relationship between travel constraints and destination image: A case study of Brunei.Tourism Management,35, 198-208. Christie, I., Fernandes, E., Messerli, H., Twining-Ward, L. (2013). Tourism in Africa: Harnessing Tourism for Growth and Improved Livelihoods. Edb.gov.sg. (2017). GIP Global Investor Programme Factsheet EN.. Retrieved 7 May 2017, from https://www.edb.gov.sg/content/dam/edb/en/why%20singapore/entering-singapore/GIP-Global-Investor-Programme-Factsheet-EN Eeckels, B., Filis, G., Leon, C. (2012).Tourism income and economic growth in Greece: empirical evidence from their cyclical components.Tourism Economics,18(4), 817-834. Hall, C. M., Page, S. (2012).Tourism in south and southeast Asia. Routledge. Horng, J. S., Liu, C. H., Chou, H. Y., Tsai, C. Y. (2012).Understanding the impact of culinary brand equity and destination familiarity on travel intentions.Tourism Management,33(4), 815-824. Kim, Y. G., Eves, A. (2012).Construction and validation of a scale to measure tourist motivation to consume local food.Tourism Management,33(6), 1458-1467. Lee, C. G. (2012). Tourism, trade, and income: Evidence from Singapore.Anatolia,23(3), 348-358. Musa, G., Thirumoorthi, T. (2016).Tourism in Malaysia.The Routledge Handbook of Tourism in Asia. Ringer, G. (Ed.). (2013).Destinations: cultural landscapes of tourism. Routledge. Spring.gov.sg. (2017).SPRING Singapore | SPRING Singapore. Retrieved 7 May 2017, from https://www.spring.gov.sg/About-Us/Pages/spring-singapore.aspx Swee-Hock, S., Wong, J. (Eds.). (2014). Advancing Singapore-China Economic Relations (Vol. 234). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Tan, P. Y., Wang, J., Sia, A. (2013).Perspectives on five decades of the urban greening of Singapore.Cities,32, 24-32. Teo, P., Chang, T. C. (2012).Singapore: tourism development in.Tourism in south and southeast Asia, 117. Tsai, S. P. (2012). Place attachment and tourism marketing: Investigating international tourists in Singapore.International Journal of Tourism Research,14(2), 139-152. Singstat.gov.sg. (2017).Visualising Data/foreign-direct-investment 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2017, from https://www.singstat.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/statistics/visualising_data/foreign-direct-investment2015.pdf?lien_externe_oui=Continue Fereidouni, H. G., Al-mulali, U. (2014).The interaction between tourism and FDI in real estate in OECD countries. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(2), 105-113. Tradingeconomics.com. (2017).Singapore Foreign Direct Investment - Net Inflows | 1995-2017 | Data. Retrieved 7 May 2017, from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/singapore/foreign-direct-investment